Turf mazes and mizmazes A pattern like a long rope folded up, without any junctions or crossings. Picture maze A standard maze that forms a picture when solved. Number maze A maze in which numbers are used to determine jumps that form a pathway, allowing the maze to criss-cross itself many times. One must find the correct sequence of doors to escape. Loops and traps maze A maze that features one-way doors. Logic mazes These are like standard mazes except they use rules other than "don't cross the lines" to restrict motion. Often, a railroad maze will have a single track for entrance and exit. Solvers are constrained to moving only forward. Linear or railroad maze A maze in which the paths are laid out like a railroad with switches and crossovers. Hamilton maze A maze in which the goal is to find the unique Hamiltonian cycle. Fractal maze A maze containing holes inside which the maze is indefinitely repeated at a smaller scale. Block maze A maze in which the player must complete or clear the maze pathway by positioning blocks. Examples are:Ī fractal maze (top) with 3 iterations (left) and a solution (right) Ball-in-a-maze puzzles Dexterity puzzles which involve navigating a ball through a maze or labyrinth. Such experiments typically use rats or mice. Mazes are often used in psychology experiments to study spatial navigation and learning. Intuitively, if one pulled and stretched out the paths in the maze in the proper way, the result could be made to resemble a tree. Thus many maze solving algorithms are closely related to graph theory. Mazes containing no loops are known as "standard", or "perfect" mazes, and are equivalent to a tree in graph theory. The mathematician Leonhard Euler was one of the first to analyze plane mazes mathematically, and in doing so made the first significant contributions to the branch of mathematics known as topology. Some maze solving methods are designed to be used inside the maze by a traveler with no prior knowledge of the maze, whereas others are designed to be used by a person or computer program that can see the whole maze at once. Maze solving is the act of finding a route through the maze from the start to finish. Mazes can also be printed or drawn on paper to be followed by a pencil or fingertip. Players enter at one spot, and exit at another, or the idea may be to reach a certain spot in the maze. Another type of maze consists of a set of rooms linked by doors (so a passageway is just another room in this definition). Indoors, mirror mazes are another form of maze, in which many of the apparent pathways are imaginary routes seen through multiple reflections in mirrors. Maize mazes can be very large they are usually only kept for one growing season, so they can be different every year, and are promoted as seasonal tourist attractions. Mazes have been built with walls and rooms, with hedges, turf, corn stalks, straw bales, books, paving stones of contrasting colors or designs, and brick, or in fields of crops such as corn or, indeed, maize.
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